During pregnancy, a woman’s macronutrient intake needs to grow significantly. Macronutrients include carbohydrates, proteins and fats. However, the requirement for micronutrients, which include vitamins, minerals and trace elements, increases even more than the need for macronutrients.

Vitamins and minerals support maternal and fetal growth at every stage of pregnancy and are required to support critical functions like cell growth and cell signalling. While some women are able to meet this growing demand through a well-planned, nutrient-dense diet, others are not.

Some pregnant women may need to take vitamin and mineral supplements for various reasons, including:

Nutrient deficiencies: Some women may need a supplement after a blood test reveals a deficiency in a vitamin or mineral. Correcting deficiencies is critical, as a shortage of nutrients like folate has been linked to birth defects

Hyperemesis gravidarum: This pregnancy complication is characterized by severe nausea and vomiting. It can lead to weight loss and nutrient deficiencies

Dietary restrictions: Women who follow specific diets, including vegans and those with food intolerances and allergies, may need to supplement with vitamins and minerals to prevent micronutrient deficiencies.

Smoking: Although it is absolutely critical for mothers to avoid cigarettes during pregnancy, those who continue to smoke have an increased need for specific nutrients like vitamin C and folate

Multiple pregnancies: Women carrying more than one baby have higher needs for micronutrients than women carrying one baby. Supplementing is often necessary to ensure optimal nutrition for both the mother and her babies.

Genetic mutations like MTHFR: MTHFR is a gene that converts folate into a form that the body can use. Pregnant women with this gene mutation may need to supplement with a specific form of folate to avoid complications.

Poor diet: Women who under eat or choose foods low in nutrients may need to supplement with vitamins and minerals to avoid deficiencies.

In addition, experts from American Congress of Obstetrics and Gynecology recommend that all pregnant women should take a prenatal vitamin and folic acid supplement. This is advised to fill in nutritional gaps and prevent birth defects like spina bifida. Thus, many moms-to-be turn to vitamin and mineral supplements.